* [pve-devel] [PATCH qemu-server 5/6] cpu config: support aarch64 CPU models
2026-01-27 13:46 [pve-devel] [PATCH-SERIES qemu-server 0/6] cpu config: support aarch64 CPU models Fiona Ebner
` (3 preceding siblings ...)
2026-01-27 13:46 ` [pve-devel] [PATCH qemu-server 4/6] cpu config: introduce module-wide $host_arch variable Fiona Ebner
@ 2026-01-27 13:46 ` Fiona Ebner
2026-01-27 13:46 ` [pve-devel] [PATCH qemu-server 6/6] api: cpu: allow querying CPU models for a given architecture Fiona Ebner
5 siblings, 0 replies; 7+ messages in thread
From: Fiona Ebner @ 2026-01-27 13:46 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: pve-devel
Previously, only the default 'cortex-a57' CPU model would be used
implicitly. Group models and built-in models by architecture, since
that is what (most) use sites are interested in. Note that the 'host'
model only exists if the host arch matches the emulator/vCPU arch.
Some use sites do require a list of all possible ones, e.g. custom
types, because they are not namespaced by arch.
Signed-off-by: Fiona Ebner <f.ebner@proxmox.com>
---
src/PVE/QemuServer/CPUConfig.pm | 289 ++++++++++++++++++--------------
1 file changed, 167 insertions(+), 122 deletions(-)
diff --git a/src/PVE/QemuServer/CPUConfig.pm b/src/PVE/QemuServer/CPUConfig.pm
index 2825da46..00d56b22 100644
--- a/src/PVE/QemuServer/CPUConfig.pm
+++ b/src/PVE/QemuServer/CPUConfig.pm
@@ -52,27 +52,37 @@ sub load_custom_model_conf {
}
#builtin models : reported-model is mandatory
-my $builtin_models = {
- 'x86-64-v2' => {
- 'reported-model' => 'qemu64',
- flags => "+popcnt;+pni;+sse4.1;+sse4.2;+ssse3",
- },
- 'x86-64-v2-AES' => {
- 'reported-model' => 'qemu64',
- flags => "+aes;+popcnt;+pni;+sse4.1;+sse4.2;+ssse3",
- },
- 'x86-64-v3' => {
- 'reported-model' => 'qemu64',
- flags =>
- "+aes;+popcnt;+pni;+sse4.1;+sse4.2;+ssse3;+avx;+avx2;+bmi1;+bmi2;+f16c;+fma;+abm;+movbe;+xsave",
- },
- 'x86-64-v4' => {
- 'reported-model' => 'qemu64',
- flags =>
- "+aes;+popcnt;+pni;+sse4.1;+sse4.2;+ssse3;+avx;+avx2;+bmi1;+bmi2;+f16c;+fma;+abm;+movbe;+xsave;+avx512f;+avx512bw;+avx512cd;+avx512dq;+avx512vl",
+my $builtin_models_by_arch = {
+ x86_64 => {
+ 'x86-64-v2' => {
+ 'reported-model' => 'qemu64',
+ flags => "+popcnt;+pni;+sse4.1;+sse4.2;+ssse3",
+ },
+ 'x86-64-v2-AES' => {
+ 'reported-model' => 'qemu64',
+ flags => "+aes;+popcnt;+pni;+sse4.1;+sse4.2;+ssse3",
+ },
+ 'x86-64-v3' => {
+ 'reported-model' => 'qemu64',
+ flags =>
+ "+aes;+popcnt;+pni;+sse4.1;+sse4.2;+ssse3;+avx;+avx2;+bmi1;+bmi2;+f16c;+fma;+abm;+movbe;+xsave",
+ },
+ 'x86-64-v4' => {
+ 'reported-model' => 'qemu64',
+ flags =>
+ "+aes;+popcnt;+pni;+sse4.1;+sse4.2;+ssse3;+avx;+avx2;+bmi1;+bmi2;+f16c;+fma;+abm;+movbe;+xsave;+avx512f;+avx512bw;+avx512cd;+avx512dq;+avx512vl",
+ },
},
+ aarch64 => {},
};
+my $all_builtin_models;
+for my $arch (keys $builtin_models_by_arch->%*) {
+ for my $model (keys $builtin_models_by_arch->{$arch}->%*) {
+ $all_builtin_models->{$model} = $builtin_models_by_arch->{$arch}->{$model};
+ }
+}
+
my $depreacated_cpu_map = {
# there never was such a client CPU, so map it to the server one for backward compat
'Icelake-Client' => 'Icelake-Server',
@@ -90,104 +100,130 @@ my $cputypes_32bit = {
'qemu32' => 1,
};
-my $cpu_vendor_list = {
- # Intel CPUs
- 486 => 'GenuineIntel',
- pentium => 'GenuineIntel',
- pentium2 => 'GenuineIntel',
- pentium3 => 'GenuineIntel',
- coreduo => 'GenuineIntel',
- core2duo => 'GenuineIntel',
- Conroe => 'GenuineIntel',
- Penryn => 'GenuineIntel',
- Nehalem => 'GenuineIntel',
- 'Nehalem-IBRS' => 'GenuineIntel',
- Westmere => 'GenuineIntel',
- 'Westmere-IBRS' => 'GenuineIntel',
- SandyBridge => 'GenuineIntel',
- 'SandyBridge-IBRS' => 'GenuineIntel',
- IvyBridge => 'GenuineIntel',
- 'IvyBridge-IBRS' => 'GenuineIntel',
- Haswell => 'GenuineIntel',
- 'Haswell-IBRS' => 'GenuineIntel',
- 'Haswell-noTSX' => 'GenuineIntel',
- 'Haswell-noTSX-IBRS' => 'GenuineIntel',
- Broadwell => 'GenuineIntel',
- 'Broadwell-IBRS' => 'GenuineIntel',
- 'Broadwell-noTSX' => 'GenuineIntel',
- 'Broadwell-noTSX-IBRS' => 'GenuineIntel',
- 'Skylake-Client' => 'GenuineIntel',
- 'Skylake-Client-IBRS' => 'GenuineIntel',
- 'Skylake-Client-noTSX-IBRS' => 'GenuineIntel',
- 'Skylake-Client-v4' => 'GenuineIntel',
- 'Skylake-Server' => 'GenuineIntel',
- 'Skylake-Server-IBRS' => 'GenuineIntel',
- 'Skylake-Server-noTSX-IBRS' => 'GenuineIntel',
- 'Skylake-Server-v4' => 'GenuineIntel',
- 'Skylake-Server-v5' => 'GenuineIntel',
- 'Cascadelake-Server' => 'GenuineIntel',
- 'Cascadelake-Server-v2' => 'GenuineIntel',
- 'Cascadelake-Server-noTSX' => 'GenuineIntel',
- 'Cascadelake-Server-v4' => 'GenuineIntel',
- 'Cascadelake-Server-v5' => 'GenuineIntel',
- 'Cooperlake' => 'GenuineIntel',
- 'Cooperlake-v2' => 'GenuineIntel',
- KnightsMill => 'GenuineIntel',
- 'Icelake-Client' => 'GenuineIntel', # depreacated, removed with QEMU 7.1
- 'Icelake-Client-noTSX' => 'GenuineIntel', # depreacated, removed with QEMU 7.1
- 'Icelake-Server' => 'GenuineIntel',
- 'Icelake-Server-noTSX' => 'GenuineIntel',
- 'Icelake-Server-v3' => 'GenuineIntel',
- 'Icelake-Server-v4' => 'GenuineIntel',
- 'Icelake-Server-v5' => 'GenuineIntel',
- 'Icelake-Server-v6' => 'GenuineIntel',
- 'Icelake-Server-v7' => 'GenuineIntel',
- 'SapphireRapids' => 'GenuineIntel',
- 'SapphireRapids-v2' => 'GenuineIntel',
- 'SapphireRapids-v3' => 'GenuineIntel',
- 'SapphireRapids-v4' => 'GenuineIntel',
- 'GraniteRapids' => 'GenuineIntel',
- 'GraniteRapids-v2' => 'GenuineIntel',
- 'GraniteRapids-v3' => 'GenuineIntel',
- 'SierraForest' => 'GenuineIntel',
- 'SierraForest-v2' => 'GenuineIntel',
- 'SierraForest-v3' => 'GenuineIntel',
- 'ClearwaterForest' => 'GenuineIntel',
+my $cpu_models_by_arch = {
+ x86_64 => {
+ # Intel CPUs
+ 486 => 'GenuineIntel',
+ pentium => 'GenuineIntel',
+ pentium2 => 'GenuineIntel',
+ pentium3 => 'GenuineIntel',
+ coreduo => 'GenuineIntel',
+ core2duo => 'GenuineIntel',
+ Conroe => 'GenuineIntel',
+ Penryn => 'GenuineIntel',
+ Nehalem => 'GenuineIntel',
+ 'Nehalem-IBRS' => 'GenuineIntel',
+ Westmere => 'GenuineIntel',
+ 'Westmere-IBRS' => 'GenuineIntel',
+ SandyBridge => 'GenuineIntel',
+ 'SandyBridge-IBRS' => 'GenuineIntel',
+ IvyBridge => 'GenuineIntel',
+ 'IvyBridge-IBRS' => 'GenuineIntel',
+ Haswell => 'GenuineIntel',
+ 'Haswell-IBRS' => 'GenuineIntel',
+ 'Haswell-noTSX' => 'GenuineIntel',
+ 'Haswell-noTSX-IBRS' => 'GenuineIntel',
+ Broadwell => 'GenuineIntel',
+ 'Broadwell-IBRS' => 'GenuineIntel',
+ 'Broadwell-noTSX' => 'GenuineIntel',
+ 'Broadwell-noTSX-IBRS' => 'GenuineIntel',
+ 'Skylake-Client' => 'GenuineIntel',
+ 'Skylake-Client-IBRS' => 'GenuineIntel',
+ 'Skylake-Client-noTSX-IBRS' => 'GenuineIntel',
+ 'Skylake-Client-v4' => 'GenuineIntel',
+ 'Skylake-Server' => 'GenuineIntel',
+ 'Skylake-Server-IBRS' => 'GenuineIntel',
+ 'Skylake-Server-noTSX-IBRS' => 'GenuineIntel',
+ 'Skylake-Server-v4' => 'GenuineIntel',
+ 'Skylake-Server-v5' => 'GenuineIntel',
+ 'Cascadelake-Server' => 'GenuineIntel',
+ 'Cascadelake-Server-v2' => 'GenuineIntel',
+ 'Cascadelake-Server-noTSX' => 'GenuineIntel',
+ 'Cascadelake-Server-v4' => 'GenuineIntel',
+ 'Cascadelake-Server-v5' => 'GenuineIntel',
+ 'Cooperlake' => 'GenuineIntel',
+ 'Cooperlake-v2' => 'GenuineIntel',
+ KnightsMill => 'GenuineIntel',
+ 'Icelake-Client' => 'GenuineIntel', # depreacated, removed with QEMU 7.1
+ 'Icelake-Client-noTSX' => 'GenuineIntel', # depreacated, removed with QEMU 7.1
+ 'Icelake-Server' => 'GenuineIntel',
+ 'Icelake-Server-noTSX' => 'GenuineIntel',
+ 'Icelake-Server-v3' => 'GenuineIntel',
+ 'Icelake-Server-v4' => 'GenuineIntel',
+ 'Icelake-Server-v5' => 'GenuineIntel',
+ 'Icelake-Server-v6' => 'GenuineIntel',
+ 'Icelake-Server-v7' => 'GenuineIntel',
+ 'SapphireRapids' => 'GenuineIntel',
+ 'SapphireRapids-v2' => 'GenuineIntel',
+ 'SapphireRapids-v3' => 'GenuineIntel',
+ 'SapphireRapids-v4' => 'GenuineIntel',
+ 'GraniteRapids' => 'GenuineIntel',
+ 'GraniteRapids-v2' => 'GenuineIntel',
+ 'GraniteRapids-v3' => 'GenuineIntel',
+ 'SierraForest' => 'GenuineIntel',
+ 'SierraForest-v2' => 'GenuineIntel',
+ 'SierraForest-v3' => 'GenuineIntel',
+ 'ClearwaterForest' => 'GenuineIntel',
- # AMD CPUs
- athlon => 'AuthenticAMD',
- phenom => 'AuthenticAMD',
- Opteron_G1 => 'AuthenticAMD',
- Opteron_G2 => 'AuthenticAMD',
- Opteron_G3 => 'AuthenticAMD',
- Opteron_G4 => 'AuthenticAMD',
- Opteron_G5 => 'AuthenticAMD',
- EPYC => 'AuthenticAMD',
- 'EPYC-IBPB' => 'AuthenticAMD',
- 'EPYC-v3' => 'AuthenticAMD',
- 'EPYC-v4' => 'AuthenticAMD',
- 'EPYC-v5' => 'AuthenticAMD',
- 'EPYC-Rome' => 'AuthenticAMD',
- 'EPYC-Rome-v2' => 'AuthenticAMD',
- 'EPYC-Rome-v3' => 'AuthenticAMD',
- 'EPYC-Rome-v4' => 'AuthenticAMD',
- 'EPYC-Rome-v5' => 'AuthenticAMD',
- 'EPYC-Milan' => 'AuthenticAMD',
- 'EPYC-Milan-v2' => 'AuthenticAMD',
- 'EPYC-Milan-v3' => 'AuthenticAMD',
- 'EPYC-Genoa' => 'AuthenticAMD',
- 'EPYC-Genoa-v2' => 'AuthenticAMD',
- 'EPYC-Turin' => 'AuthenticAMD',
+ # AMD CPUs
+ athlon => 'AuthenticAMD',
+ phenom => 'AuthenticAMD',
+ Opteron_G1 => 'AuthenticAMD',
+ Opteron_G2 => 'AuthenticAMD',
+ Opteron_G3 => 'AuthenticAMD',
+ Opteron_G4 => 'AuthenticAMD',
+ Opteron_G5 => 'AuthenticAMD',
+ EPYC => 'AuthenticAMD',
+ 'EPYC-IBPB' => 'AuthenticAMD',
+ 'EPYC-v3' => 'AuthenticAMD',
+ 'EPYC-v4' => 'AuthenticAMD',
+ 'EPYC-v5' => 'AuthenticAMD',
+ 'EPYC-Rome' => 'AuthenticAMD',
+ 'EPYC-Rome-v2' => 'AuthenticAMD',
+ 'EPYC-Rome-v3' => 'AuthenticAMD',
+ 'EPYC-Rome-v4' => 'AuthenticAMD',
+ 'EPYC-Rome-v5' => 'AuthenticAMD',
+ 'EPYC-Milan' => 'AuthenticAMD',
+ 'EPYC-Milan-v2' => 'AuthenticAMD',
+ 'EPYC-Milan-v3' => 'AuthenticAMD',
+ 'EPYC-Genoa' => 'AuthenticAMD',
+ 'EPYC-Genoa-v2' => 'AuthenticAMD',
+ 'EPYC-Turin' => 'AuthenticAMD',
- # generic types, use vendor from host node
- host => 'default',
- kvm32 => 'default',
- kvm64 => 'default',
- qemu32 => 'default',
- qemu64 => 'default',
- max => 'default',
+ # generic types, use vendor from host node
+ kvm32 => 'default',
+ kvm64 => 'default',
+ qemu32 => 'default',
+ qemu64 => 'default',
+ max => 'default',
+ },
+ aarch64 => {
+ 'a64fx' => 'ARM',
+ 'cortex-a35' => 'ARM',
+ 'cortex-a53' => 'ARM',
+ 'cortex-a55' => 'ARM',
+ 'cortex-a57' => 'ARM',
+ 'cortex-a710' => 'ARM',
+ 'cortex-a72' => 'ARM',
+ 'cortex-a76' => 'ARM',
+ 'neoverse-n1' => 'ARM',
+ 'neoverse-n2' => 'ARM',
+ 'neoverse-v1' => 'ARM',
+ # 32 bit and deprecated models were not added
+ max => 'default',
+ },
};
+# The host CPU model only exists if the arch matches
+$cpu_models_by_arch->{$host_arch}->{host} = 'default';
+
+my $all_cpu_models;
+for my $arch (keys $cpu_models_by_arch->%*) {
+ for my $model (keys $cpu_models_by_arch->{$arch}->%*) {
+ $all_cpu_models->{$model} = $cpu_models_by_arch->{$arch}->{$model};
+ }
+}
+
my $supported_cpu_flags = [
{
name => 'nested-virt',
@@ -274,7 +310,7 @@ my $cpu_fmt = {
"CPU model and vendor to report to the guest. Must be a QEMU/KVM supported model."
. " Only valid for custom CPU model definitions, default models will always report themselves to the guest OS.",
type => 'string',
- enum => [sort { lc("$a") cmp lc("$b") } keys %$cpu_vendor_list],
+ enum => [sort { lc("$a") cmp lc("$b") } keys $all_cpu_models->%*],
default => 'kvm64',
optional => 1,
},
@@ -439,7 +475,7 @@ sub validate_vm_cpu_conf {
if (is_custom_model($cputype)) {
# dies on unknown model
get_custom_model($cputype);
- } elsif (!defined($cpu_vendor_list->{$cputype}) && !defined($builtin_models->{$cputype})) {
+ } elsif (!defined($all_cpu_models->{$cputype}) && !defined($all_builtin_models->{$cputype})) {
die "Built-in cputype '$cputype' is not defined (missing 'custom-' prefix?)\n";
}
@@ -529,7 +565,10 @@ sub add_cpu_json_properties {
}
sub get_cpu_models {
- my ($include_custom) = @_;
+ my ($include_custom, $arch) = @_;
+
+ $arch = $host_arch if !defined($arch);
+ my $cpu_vendor_list = $cpu_models_by_arch->{$arch};
my $models = [];
@@ -542,6 +581,7 @@ sub get_cpu_models {
};
}
+ my $builtin_models = $builtin_models_by_arch->{$arch};
for my $model (keys %{$builtin_models}) {
my $reported_model = $builtin_models->{$model}->{'reported-model'};
my $vendor = $cpu_vendor_list->{$reported_model};
@@ -559,7 +599,7 @@ sub get_cpu_models {
for my $custom_model (keys %{ $conf->{ids} }) {
my $reported_model = $conf->{ids}->{$custom_model}->{'reported-model'};
$reported_model //= $cpu_fmt->{'reported-model'}->{default};
- my $vendor = $cpu_vendor_list->{$reported_model};
+ my $vendor = $all_cpu_models->{$reported_model};
push @$models,
{
name => "custom-$custom_model",
@@ -614,6 +654,7 @@ sub print_cpu_device {
or die "Cannot parse cpu description: $cputype\n";
$cpu = $cpuconf->{cputype};
+ my $builtin_models = $builtin_models_by_arch->{$arch};
if (my $model = $builtin_models->{$cpu}) {
$cpu = $model->{'reported-model'};
} elsif (is_custom_model($cputype)) {
@@ -792,6 +833,7 @@ sub get_cpu_options {
or die "Cannot parse cpu description: $cpu_prop_str\n";
$cputype = $cpu->{cputype};
+ my $builtin_models = $builtin_models_by_arch->{$arch};
if (my $model = $builtin_models->{$cputype}) {
$cputype = $model->{'reported-model'};
$builtin_cpu->{flags} = $model->{'flags'};
@@ -812,6 +854,9 @@ sub get_cpu_options {
$hv_vendor_id = $cpu->{'hv-vendor-id'} if defined($cpu->{'hv-vendor-id'});
}
+ die "CPU model '$cputype' does not exist for configured vCPU architecture '$arch'\n"
+ if !defined($cpu_models_by_arch->{$arch}->{$cputype});
+
my $pve_flags = get_pve_cpu_flags($conf, $kvm, $cputype, $arch, $machine_version);
my $hv_flags;
@@ -846,13 +891,12 @@ sub get_cpu_options {
};
}
- # $cputype is the "reported-model" for custom types, so we can just look up
- # the vendor in the default list
- my $cpu_vendor = $cpu_vendor_list->{$cputype};
- if ($cpu_vendor) {
+ # For aarch64, QEMU does not have a vendor property for the -cpu commandline.
+ if ($arch eq 'x86_64') {
+ # $cputype is the "reported-model" for custom types, so we can just look up
+ # the vendor in the default list
+ my $cpu_vendor = $cpu_models_by_arch->{$arch}->{$cputype} or die "internal error";
$pve_forced_flags->{'vendor'} = { value => $cpu_vendor } if $cpu_vendor ne 'default';
- } elsif ($arch ne 'aarch64') {
- die "internal error"; # should not happen
}
my $cpu_str = $cputype;
@@ -1034,6 +1078,7 @@ sub get_cpu_bitness {
$cputype = $cpu->{cputype};
+ my $builtin_models = $builtin_models_by_arch->{$arch};
if (my $model = $builtin_models->{$cputype}) {
$cputype = $model->{'reported-model'};
} elsif (is_custom_model($cputype)) {
--
2.47.3
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